Four decades after the initial HIV case was reported, strategies for treating and preventing the disease continue to advance. In the United States, the HIV epidemic continues to disproportionately affect people who are Black or Hispanic, men who have sex with men, people who are transgender, and individuals who use illicit drugs. HIV is increasingly diagnosed in older adults, and one-fourth of HIV-positive people will be older than 65 years by 2030. One creative mechanism that has been developed to foster collaboration is the multidisciplinary AIDS research center. Much of the needed behavioral and social research on AIDS prevention requires large, multidisciplinary teams of scientists with close working relationships with many of the different communities in which interventions must be conducted.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

The committee recommends the use of PHS fellowship programs and Intergovernmental Personnel Appointments (IPAs) as an interim means for rapidly enlarging the cadre of senior behavioral and social scientists working on AIDS programs at CDC and other PHS agencies. The remedy for this problem is to establish a singly constituted group in which to assess treatment effects. To be included in the group, a person must satisfy the criteria for inclusion in the program. Then, a subset of that one group is randomly chosen to receive the intervention, thus producing two comparable subgroups that are not identical but are as alike as two random samples drawn from the same population. Since AIDS was first recognized, there has been growing appreciation of the critical role played by IV drug use in the spread of HIV infection. As of November 14, 1988, 20,752 cases of AIDS\u2014approximately one quarter of all cases\u2014had been diagnosed in individuals who reported using IV drugs.<\/p>\n

What factors affect HIV treatment in children and adolescents?<\/h2>\n

Direct estimates are based on surveys (e.g., the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, conducted by NIDA), on back-extrapolation methods, or on dual-systems estimates. Several factors can make medication adherence iv drug use<\/a> difficult for children and adolescents with HIV. The use of HIV medicines and other strategies have helped to lower the rate of perinatal transmission of HIV to 1% or less in the United States and Europe.<\/p>\n